12th Century Baptismal Font at the Church of
Saint Mary the Virgin, Stoke Abbot, Dorset, England
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Patron SaintSaint Mary
LocationStoke Abbot, Dorset, England
Font location in churchBeneath the Tower
workshopUnknown
Date/Century/Period12th Century
MediumLimestone
Drainagecentral drain
Date of On-site Visit3rd December 2004
FONT NOTES
Font of tapering cylindrical bowl with top and base mouldings, richly diapered surface with acanthus ornament, on upper part an enriched archade on eight grotesque heads, under archade, a series of eight heads mostly bearded and one restored

ICONOGRAPHY
The Royal Commission on Historical Monuments date this font in the late 12th century. It is also known that there was a place for Christianity in this place for at least five hundred years before this, as St Aldhelm held Stoke Abbot in his capacity as Bishop of Sherborne in 705 AD. It is also known that he translated the Psalms into the Anglo-Saxon tongue and sang the words of Scripture into the hearts of the common people.

What of the eight faces and eight grotesque heads found on this font? The traditional view is that the eight faces represent the 8 Books of the Prophets of the Old Testament, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel. The significance of this may be explained by St Aldhelm's acknowledged understanding of the Old Testament some five hundred years before.

The symbolism of the number eight also plays an important role in the construction of many baptismal fonts. Although important in many faiths, in terms of Christian symobilm, the number eight and the octagon represent the resurrection and rebirth, because Christ rose from grave 8 days after entry into Jerusalem. Thus they became symbols of baptism, the spiritual rebirth of a person, and many baptisteries and baptismal fonts are octagonal or show eight features of differing types. Also, from the Old Testament, Eight is perfect intelligence; splendour. The digit value of "IHVH" is the "Number of the Lord". The Temple was sanctified in eight days.

These various possibilities may explain the eight faces, but what of the eight grotesques? Could the iconography of this font in fact represent the Eight Beatitudes of Christ from the Sermon on the Mount, recorded in the Gospel of Matthew in the faces and the opposite in the form of the Eight Woes be expressed in the grotesques? As the faces are larger than the grotesques, could this suggest the winning of good over evil? There may be strength in this theory because of the works of Saint Aldhelm in his translation of the Psalms, as the Beatitudes rest on passages found within in them. ~ [Matthew 5:3 (Psalm 40:17); 5:4 (Psalm 119:136); 5:5 (Psalm 37:11); 5:6 (Psalm 42:1,2); 5:7 (Psalm 41:1); 5:8 (Psalm 24:4; 73:1); 5:9 (Psalm 133:1); 5:10 (Psalms 37; 39; 40).]

It is suggested also that the sculptor's emphasis on the details of the figures, distinctive features and ages, shows it was modelled on a more elaborate work - not necessarily in the vein of Norman simplicity - the decorative motifs belonging to a larger era. In this particular case we may look to the local history of the time of its crafting where we learn from Hutchins (see reference below) that in the Manor of Stoke Abbot were eight thanes (administrative officials of the King). Could it be that the sculptors used these local men as the models for their work?

(The word 'thane' was borrowed from the Saxons who had adapted it from the Norse title thegn - meaning a trusted servant of the King -just as 'earl' was taken from the Norse title of jarl; these were the oldest distinctions of nobility in the Middle Ages.)

REFERENCE
John Hutchins, The history and antiquities of the County of Dorset, 3rd ed., edited by William Shipp and James Whitworth Hodson, Westminster: J.B. Nichols and Sons, 1861-1873.
E.T.Long, Dorset Church Fonts, Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, Vol 44 (1922), p62-76
Arthur Mee, ed., Dorset: Thomas Hardy's country. The King's England. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1939, pp. 239-240.
John Newman and Nikolaus Pevsner, The buildings of England: Dorset. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972, p. 399-400.
Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England), An inventory of historical monuments in the County of Dorset, Vol. 1, West Dorset. London: HMSO, 1952, p. 224-226
DESCRIPTION DIMENSIONS
Font ShapeCircular bowl Total Height (without plinth or cover)73 cm
Basin Shape (outside)Circular Diameter of basin (including rim)80 cm
Basin Shape (inside)Circular Diameter of basin (not including rim)56 cm
Basin lininglead lined Width of rim12 cm
Shape of Basen/a Outside Height of Basin n/a
Number of pieces1 Inside depth of Basin 27 cm

Saint Mary the Virgin and village spring

View of the font from the door

View from the font to the altar

View of the font from the nave

View of the front (east side) of the font

View of the rear of the font


Press on each face or grotesque for enlarged image

View of the inside of the font

This font has seen considerable damage to either side. It is safe to assume this was caused by the removal of the font lock. The fine scollop edged lead lining has been added since the repairs to the stonework. The rim has also been countersunk to take the more modern font cover typical of so many fonts in the county. It is likely this work was undertaken in the restoration of 1878
Staves used for Stoke Abbot Club Day for processing on the first friday in June through the village behind a brass band to the church and then to a dinner with guests of honour from neighbouring villages. Last held in 1975

Plaque in the church porch
Lewesdon Hill


LINKS
Dorset Historic Churches Trust

Copyright Gerald Duke 2005